Which magnesium to choose: glycinate (bisglycinate), citrate, malate or oxide

Quick answer

Three numbers decide which magnesium to choose: how much magnesium is in the daily serving, how much vitamin B6 comes with it, and how many tablets a day you are happy to take. Stivits sells four forms as food supplements: bisglycinate 300 mg in 3 capsules, citrate 400 mg in 2 tablets, malate 230–460 mg in 1–2 tablets and oxide 500 mg in 1 capsule. Bisglycinate is the same form as magnesium glycinate. Magnesium contributes to a reduction of tiredness and fatigue; the claim applies from 56.25 mg of magnesium per serving. A varied and balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle are important. The EU register does not divide claims by form: they belong to magnesium, not to citrate or bisglycinate. The EFSA reference level for magnesium from food supplements is 250 mg a day; of these four products only 1 tablet of malate, 230 mg, is below it.

Stivits magnesium forms: a comparison by the numbers

The numbers are for the daily serving. The magnesium here is elemental, without the weight of the salt, so the rows can be compared directly. Stivits sells all four forms, so it makes no difference to us which one you pick.

Product and daily servingForm of magnesiumMagnesiumVitamin B6Lasts
Magnesium BISGLYCINAT 300mg, 180 capsules, 3 capsulesbisglycinate300 mg7.5 mg60 days
Magnesium (Citrate) 400 mg + B6, 120 tablets, 2 tabletscitrate400 mg10 mg60 days
Magnesium (Citrate) 400 mg + B6, 240 tablets, 2 tabletscitrate400 mg10 mg120 days
Magnesium MALATE 2000mg, 90 tablets, 1 tabletmalate230 mg2.5 mg90 days
Magnesium MALATE 2000mg, 90 tablets, 2 tabletsmalate460 mg5 mg45 days
Magnesium 500 mg + B6, 90 capsules, 1 capsuleoxide500 mg5 mg90 days

What the EU register allows us to say about magnesium

Magnesium has 10 authorised claims in the EU register, and every Stivits form meets them: the threshold is 56.25 mg of magnesium per serving, and the smallest serving among these four products contains 230 mg. The claims are the same for bisglycinate, citrate, malate and oxide:

  • Magnesium contributes to a reduction of tiredness and fatigue.
  • Magnesium contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism.
  • Magnesium contributes to normal functioning of the nervous system.
  • Magnesium contributes to normal psychological function.
  • Magnesium contributes to normal muscle function.
  • Magnesium contributes to electrolyte balance.
  • Magnesium contributes to normal protein synthesis.
  • Magnesium contributes to the maintenance of normal bones.
  • Magnesium contributes to the maintenance of normal teeth.
  • Magnesium has a role in the process of cell division.

A varied and balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle are important. Magnesium has no claim on sleep; more in the guide magnesium and melatonin.

Bisglycinate, glycinate and magnesium chelate: how they differ

Magnesium bisglycinate and magnesium glycinate are the same form: magnesium bound to the amino acid glycine. A chelate is magnesium bound to an amino acid or another organic molecule, so bisglycinate is also a chelate. Magnesium BISGLYCINAT 300mg, 180 capsules has 100 mg of magnesium per capsule.

The daily serving of 3 capsules gives 300 mg of magnesium and 7.5 mg of vitamin B6, and one pack lasts 60 days. Choose it if you want this form and prefer less B6 than citrate gives: 7.5 mg against 10 mg.

Trade-off: 3 capsules every day, and the serving is 50 mg above the EFSA reference level.

Magnesium citrate: which EU claims apply to it

The EU claims belong to magnesium and are the same for all forms; see the list above. Citrate is magnesium bound to citric acid. In Magnesium (Citrate) 400 mg + B6 2 tablets give 400 mg of magnesium and 10 mg of vitamin B6.

The directions say 2 tablets a day for adults and children aged 11 and over. The tablets are suitable for vegans. There are two packs: 120 tablets last 60 days, 240 tablets last 120 days. Choose citrate if you want 400 mg of magnesium in two tablets and one pack that lasts 120 days.

Trade-off: the serving is 150 mg above the EFSA reference level, and 10 mg of B6 almost reaches the upper level of 12 mg, so do not add a second food supplement with B6 to citrate.

Magnesium malate: what 2000 mg in the name means

In Magnesium MALATE 2000mg, 2000 mg is the weight of magnesium malate in 2 tablets. They contain 460 mg of elemental magnesium, and 1 tablet contains 230 mg. Malate is magnesium bound to malic acid.

Vitamin B6 is 2.5 mg in 1 tablet and 5 mg in 2 tablets. This is the only Stivits magnesium where you can change the serving, and the only one of these four products with a serving below 250 mg a day. One pack lasts 90 days at 1 tablet and 45 days at 2.

Trade-off: at 2 tablets the serving is 460 mg, 210 mg above the EFSA reference level, and the pack runs out twice as fast.

Magnesium 500 mg + B6: oxide in one capsule

Magnesium 500 mg + B6, 90 capsules contains magnesium in the form of oxide. One capsule a day with a meal gives 500 mg of magnesium and 5 mg of vitamin B6, and 90 capsules last 90 days. This is the largest serving of magnesium at Stivits and the easiest to take: one capsule.

Trade-off: 500 mg is twice the EFSA reference level, oxide is named directly in the EFSA footnote, and one capsule cannot be split into two servings.

Magnesium B6: why vitamin B6 is in the composition

Vitamin B6 is in all four Stivits forms of magnesium, from 2.5 to 10 mg in the daily serving. It has its own EU claims, with a threshold of 0.21 mg per serving:

  • Vitamin B6 contributes to normal functioning of the nervous system.
  • Vitamin B6 contributes to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue.
  • Vitamin B6 contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism.

The register has no claim linking B6 with the absorption of magnesium. The EFSA upper level for adults is 12 mg of B6 a day: keep it in mind if you take another product with this vitamin.

Magnesium citrate or bisglycinate: which to choose

The EU register gives no advantage to any form, so choose by what suits you:

  • You want 400 mg of magnesium and a long-lasting pack: citrate, 240 tablets last 120 days.
  • You want the form with glycine and less B6: bisglycinate, 300 mg of magnesium and 7.5 mg of B6.
  • You want a flexible serving below 250 mg: malate, 1 tablet, 230 mg of magnesium.
  • You want one capsule a day: oxide, 500 mg of magnesium.

How much magnesium a day: adequate intake and upper level

EFSA gives adequate intake as 350 mg a day for men and 300 mg for women. This is total intake. The upper level of 250 mg is counted differently: it covers only magnesium from food supplements, water and fortified foods. Magnesium from ordinary food is not included.

Reference levelMagnesium per dayWhat countsSource
Adequate intake, men350 mgtotal intakeEFSA
Adequate intake, women300 mgtotal intakeEFSA
NRV on packs in the EU375 mgreference value for the packRegulation 1169/2011
Upper level for adults250 mgfood supplements, water, fortified foodsEFSA

Up to 250 mg a day EFSA sees no laxative effect. From about 360 mg, a mild effect was seen in a small share of adults.

The EFSA footnote names magnesium chloride, sulphate, aspartate, lactate and oxide. Bisglycinate, citrate and malate are not named there, but in this guide we check every form against 250 mg to stay on the cautious side.

Magnesium is found in nuts, wholegrain cereals, vegetables, pulses and bananas. A food supplement comes on top of this food and does not replace it.

If you already take other food supplements

Sometimes what you already take makes the choice for you:

  • You take Comfort Sleep Complex. Its 2 tablets contain 12 mg of B6, which is the EFSA upper level. Any Stivits magnesium adds another 2.5 to 10 mg of B6, so do not combine them.
  • You take Calcium+Magnesium+Zinc+D3. It already contains magnesium, so a second source is not needed.
  • You have noticed a laxative effect. Switch to 1 tablet of malate, 230 mg of magnesium, or split the daily serving into two parts.
  • You are under a doctor's care. Consult your doctor about magnesium, especially if your kidney function is reduced.

How to take magnesium

The servings in the table are for adults; do not exceed them. For citrate the directions also cover children aged 11 and over, 2 tablets a day. Take Magnesium 500 mg + B6 with a meal. For bisglycinate, citrate and malate the directions give only the serving, so pick the time of day that suits you.

Store in the original packaging, in a dry place, at room temperature and out of the reach of young children. Food supplements should not be used as a substitute for a varied and balanced diet.

FAQ

Which form of magnesium is best, glycinate or citrate?

Choose by serving and convenience, not by form: the EU claims belong to magnesium as a whole. At Stivits citrate gives 400 mg of magnesium in 2 tablets, bisglycinate 300 mg in 3 capsules, malate 230 mg in 1 tablet, oxide 500 mg in 1 capsule.

Magnesium glycinate vs citrate: what is the difference?

Citrate is bound to citric acid, bisglycinate to the amino acid glycine. At Stivits citrate gives 400 mg of magnesium and 10 mg of vitamin B6 in 2 tablets, bisglycinate 300 mg of magnesium and 7.5 mg of B6 in 3 capsules. The EU claims for them are the same.

Which magnesium is absorbed best?

The EU register has no claims on how well different forms of magnesium are absorbed, and we have no absorption figures for Stivits products. So choose by the amount of magnesium and by how many tablets or capsules you want to take.

Magnesium: how many mg a day can I take?

The EFSA reference level for adults is 250 mg a day from food supplements; magnesium from ordinary food is not included. Daily servings at Stivits: malate 230 mg in 1 tablet, bisglycinate 300 mg, citrate 400 mg, oxide 500 mg. Do not exceed the serving of the product.

Can I take two forms of magnesium at once?

There is no need: the EU claims do not depend on the form. Two Stivits servings together give at least 530 mg of magnesium a day, far above the EFSA reference level of 250 mg. Choose one form and keep to its serving.

What are magnesium glycinate and citrate for?

The EU claims belong to magnesium, not to the form. Magnesium contributes to a reduction of tiredness and fatigue and to normal functioning of the nervous system; the claims apply from 56.25 mg of magnesium per serving. Stivits citrate has 400 mg of magnesium and 10 mg of vitamin B6 in 2 tablets, bisglycinate (glycinate) 300 mg and 7.5 mg in 3 capsules. A varied and balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle are important.

When should I take magnesium: morning or evening?

The directions for Stivits citrate, bisglycinate and malate do not give a time of day, so pick one that suits you. Magnesium 500 mg + B6 is taken with a meal, 1 capsule. Do not exceed the daily serving.

Does Stivits sell magnesium taurate?

No. Stivits has four forms of magnesium: citrate 400 mg, bisglycinate 300 mg, malate 230–460 mg and oxide 500 mg in the daily serving. The EU claims belong to magnesium, not to the form, so the form makes no difference to the claims.

Why does magnesium contain vitamin B6?

Vitamin B6 has its own EU claims: vitamin B6 contributes to normal functioning of the nervous system. Stivits magnesium contains 2.5 to 10 mg of it in the daily serving. The register has no claim linking B6 with the absorption of magnesium.

Are magnesium chelate and bisglycinate the same thing?

Magnesium bisglycinate is one of the chelates: magnesium bound to the amino acid glycine. Glycinate and bisglycinate of magnesium are the same form. At Stivits this is Magnesium BISGLYCINAT 300mg: 3 capsules a day, 300 mg of magnesium and 7.5 mg of vitamin B6.

What does 2000 mg in the name of magnesium malate mean?

At Stivits 2000 mg is the weight of magnesium malate in 2 tablets. They contain 460 mg of elemental magnesium and 5 mg of vitamin B6. In 1 tablet there is 230 mg of magnesium and 2.5 mg of B6.

Can magnesium cause loose stools?

Yes, at larger servings. EFSA sees no such effect up to 250 mg a day; from about 360 mg it occurs in a small share of adults. The smallest serving at Stivits is 1 tablet of malate, 230 mg of magnesium.

Which magnesium brand should I choose, and who makes Stivits magnesium?

Compare the magnesium and vitamin B6 in the daily serving rather than the brand: the numbers are in the table above. Stivits is a brand of the Estonian company HYPERPHARM OÜ (Tallinn). The supplements are made in Europe, in the EU, in a factory certified to GMP, HACCP and ISO 22000:2018. Stivits sells direct from the factory, with no wholesalers or pharmacies in between.

Stivits products

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Related Products

Related Guides

  • Magnesium for sleep: which one to choose and what the EU register allows us to say about falling asleep: Magnesium for sleep: the EU register has no claim linking magnesium and sleep, and NIH notes that there is very little research on the subject. If you still want magnesium, Stivits has bisglycinate (3 capsules: 300 mg of magnesium and 7.5 mg of vitamin B6), citrate (2 tablets: 400 mg and 10 mg of B6) or 1 tablet of malate (230 mg and 2.5 mg of B6). If falling asleep is what matters to you, among Stivits products only Melatonin 1 mg has an EU register claim on it: melatonin contributes to the reduction of time taken to fall asleep. The beneficial effect is obtained with the intake of 1 mg of melatonin shortly before going to bed.

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